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Quantum Bayesianism most often refers to a "subjective Bayesian account of quantum probability", that has evolved primarily from the work of Caves, Fuchs and Schack (published during 2002–2013), and draws from the fields of quantum information and Bayesian probability. It is very similar to the Copenhagen interpretation that is commonly taught in textbooks.〔Why Current Interpretations of Quantum Mechanics are Deficient, Elliott Tammaro, ()〕 It may sometimes refer more generically to approaches to quantum theory that use a Bayesian or personalist (aka "subjective") probabilistic approach to the probabilities that appear in quantum theory. The approach associated with Caves, Fuchs, and Schack has been referred to as "the radical Bayesian interpretation" (Jaeger 2009) It attempts to provide an understanding of quantum mechanics and to derive modern quantum mechanics from informational considerations. The remainder of this article concerns primarily the Caves-Fuchs-Schack Bayesian approach to quantum theory. Quantum Bayesianism deals with common questions in the interpretation of quantum mechanics about the nature of wavefunction superposition, non-locality, and entanglement.〔Mermin (2012a), Mermin (2012b)〕 As the interpretation of quantum mechanics is important to philosophers of science, some compare the idea of degree of belief and its application in Quantum Bayesianism with the idea of anti-realism〔 from philosophy of science. Fuchs and Schack have referred to their current approach to the quantum Bayesian program as "QBism". On a technical level, QBism uses symmetric, informationally-complete, positive operator-valued measures (SIC-POVMs) to rewrite quantum states (either pure or mixed) as a set of probabilities defined over the outcomes of a "Bureau of Standards" measurement.〔Fuchs and Schack (2011); Appleby, Ericsson and Fuchs (2011); Rosado (2011); Fuchs (2012)〕 That is, if one translates a density matrix into a probability distribution over the outcomes of a SIC-POVM experiment, one can reproduce all the statistical predictions (normally computed by using the Born rule) on the density matrix from the SIC-POVM probabilities instead. The Born rule then takes on the function of relating one valid probability distribution to another, rather than of deriving probabilities from something apparently more fundamental.〔Fuchs and Schack (2011); Appleby, Ericsson and Fuchs (2011); Fuchs (2012)〕 QBist foundational research stimulated interest in SIC-POVMs, which now have applications in quantum theory outside of foundational studies.〔Scott (2006); Wootters and Sussman (2007); Fuchs (2012); Appleby ''et al.'' (2012)〕 Likewise, a quantum version of the de Finetti theorem, introduced by Caves, Fuchs and Schack (see also Störmer, 1969 ) to provide a QBist understanding of the idea of an "unknown quantum state",〔Caves, Fuchs and Schack (2002); Baez (2007)〕 has found application elsewhere, in topics like quantum key distribution〔Renner (2005)〕 and entanglement detection.〔Doherty ''et al.'' (2005)〕 == Origin == In the field of probability theory, there are different interpretations of probability and different forms of statistical inference which influence the conclusions that can be made from analysis of uncertain phenomena. The two dominant approaches to statistical inference include the frequentist approach (called frequentist inference) and the Bayesian approach (called Bayesian inference). The Bayesian approach upon which Quantum Bayesianism relies generally refers to a mode of statistical inference originating in, and greatly extending, the work of Thomas Bayes in statistics and probability. Quantum Bayesianism tries to find a new understanding of quantum mechanics by applying Bayesian inference. Any new insights into quantum mechanics are beneficial, especially in light of the recent attempts to combine quantum mechanics and general relativity into a theory of quantum gravity and the interest in quantum computation. Quantum mechanics is thought to be derivable from the principles of quantum information. In the book ''Lost Causes in and beyond Physics'', R. F. Streater writes, "()he first quantum Bayesian was von Neumann. In ''Die mathematischen Grundlagen der Quantenmechanik'', he describes the measurement process of say the spin polarization of an electron source ...". Not everyone agrees.〔Von Neumann Was Not a Quantum Bayesian, Blake C. Stacey, ()〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Quantum Bayesianism」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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